"Crackdowns" Are Sudden Changes in Police Activity Designed to Lower

"Crackdowns" are sudden changes in police activity designed to lower crime rates through an increase in the communicated threat or actual certainty of punishment.How effective are crackdowns?

A) Crackdowns are effective when coupled with problem-solving and community- improvement techniques.
B) Crackdowns can reduce the incidence of drug dealing but only if media attention is focused on the effort.
C) Crackdowns initially deter crime but the effect soon wears off after the high intensity police activity ends.
D) Crackdowns are effective when coupled with problem-solving and community- improvement techniques;crackdowns initially deter crime but the effect soon wears off after the high intensity police activity ends.