A(n)_______________ design permits inferences about cause and effect.

Question

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An experimental design is the only design out of the options listed that permits inferences about cause and effect. In an experimental design, the researcher manipulates the independent variable to determine its effect on the dependent variable. Random assignment is used to reduce the influence of confounding variables and increase internal validity. In contrast, observational designs allow for the collection of data but do not allow for manipulation of variables or establishment of cause and effect relationships. Correlational designs examine the relationship between variables but cannot establish causality. Structured designs do not necessarily involve a manipulation of variables and may not allow for cause and effect inferences.

A(n)_______________ Design Permits Inferences About Cause and Effect