In studies in which formal planning did not lead to higher performance, ____________.
A) management's execution of the plans was most often the reason for failure
B) employees' implementation of the plans was the primary reason for failure
C) the external environment often was the reason
D) lack of communication was most often the reason for failure

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

The question suggests that in studies where formal planning did not lead to higher performance, there was some reason for the failure. Of the options given, lack of management execution or employee implementation may be contributing factors, but the question does not suggest that they are the primary reason. Lack of communication may also be a contributing factor, but again, it is not suggested that it is the primary reason. The most likely explanation, therefore, is that the external environment was the reason for failure in these studies. This could include factors such as economic conditions, changes in the marketplace, or other external factors beyond the control of the organization.

In Studies in Which Formal Planning Did Not Lead to Higher