Like plant and animal populations, cities grow following principles of adaptation and equilibrium so that neighborhoods were settled in a process of competition, invasion, and succession. This is the idea behind:

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Urban ecology, which is the study of the interactions between humans and their urban environment, sees cities as ecosystems subject to principles of adaptation and equilibrium, with neighborhoods going through competition, invasion, and succession similar to plant and animal populations in a natural environment. Urbanism as a way of life refers to the cultural and social aspects of city living, while the created-environment approach focuses on the design and physical form of urban spaces. Collective consumption refers to the sharing and distribution of resources within a group or community.

Like Plant and Animal Populations, Cities Grow Following Principles of Adaptation