A ranked society in which every member has a position in the hierarchy and an individual's status is determined by membership in a descent group is called a:

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Quizplus · Accepted Answer

The characteristics described in the question, such as a ranking system and membership in a descent group, are commonly found in chiefdoms. Bands and tribes typically have more egalitarian social structures, while states have more complex bureaucratic systems and centralized government. Kindreds are typically smaller, more intimate kinship groups.

A Ranked Society in Which Every Member Has a Position