In 2005,the U.S.Supreme Court held that a dog sniff conducted during a lawful traffic stop that reveals no information other than the location of an illegal substance that no individual has any right to possess does not violate the:

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The Fourth Amendment protects against unreasonable searches and seizures. The Supreme Court held in Illinois v. Caballes (2005) that a dog sniff conducted during a lawful traffic stop that reveals no information other than the location of an illegal substance does not constitute a search under the Fourth Amendment because individuals have no legitimate expectation of privacy in illegal substances. Therefore, the dog sniff does not violate the Fourth Amendment.