In ______ theory,criminal law is viewed as an instrument for the protection of the powerful and the elite,and punishment is based on nonrational factors such as race and social class.

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This theory posits that criminal law serves the interests of those in power and is used to maintain social control over those who are disadvantaged or marginalized. Punishment under this framework is not rational or impartial, but rather influenced by factors such as race and social class. The symbolic aspect of social conflict theory also emphasizes the role of societal values, cultural norms, and ideologies in shaping criminal law and punishment.

In ______ Theory,criminal Law Is Viewed as an Instrument for the Protection