Studies following XY children with pelvic field defects indicate that

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Studies following XY children with pelvic field defects have shown that prenatal exposure to normal levels of androgens most strongly influences gender identity. These children typically have higher levels of androgens than usual, which can result in the development of male-typical behaviors and preferences regardless of the presence of typical male sex organs. Other factors such as socialization and parental distress may still play a role in the psychological adjustment of these children, but they are not as strongly correlated with gender identity in this population.

Studies Following XY Children with Pelvic Field Defects Indicate That