A Nurse Is Caring for a Client Who Has Been

A nurse is caring for a client who has been involved in a motor vehicle accident. The healthcare provider has written orders for a transdermal patch for pain. The nurse knows which of the following? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected. Select all that apply.

A) The transdermal patch should not be applied to areas of abrasion.
B) Transdermal medications undergo the first-pass effect in the liver.
C) Transdermal medications completely bypass digestive enzymes.
D) The actual dose received by the patient from this pain patch may vary.
E) The rate of delivery and actual dose of medications given by the transdermal route can vary.