________ refers to people's reactions to being observed or studied resulting in superficial rather than meaningful changes in behavior.
A) Esprit de corps
B) The division of labor
C) The Hawthorne effect
D) Subordination of individual interest to the general interest
E) Scientific management

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

The Hawthorne effect is a phenomenon where individuals modify their behavior when they are aware of being observed or studied. This can result in superficial changes in behavior that do not represent their typical behaviors in everyday situations. This effect was observed during a series of experiments conducted by Elton Mayo and his colleagues in the 1920s and 1930s at the Hawthorne Works plant of Western Electric Company in Chicago. The experiments were designed to study the impact of various environmental factors such as illumination, rest periods, and work hours on workers' productivity levels. However, the researchers soon realized that the workers' productivity levels were influenced not just by the environmental factors but also by the mere fact of being observed and studied by the researchers. This led to the discovery of the Hawthorne effect.

________ Refers to People's Reactions to Being Observed or Studied