In his 1961 paper, "The Paradox of the Plankton," ecologist G. E. Hutchinson noted that several species of algae coexist, sharing the same few mineral nutrient resources in homogeneous open-water systems. Because there is little chance of resource partitioning and niche differentiation in such a situation, the paradox of their coexistence is an apparent violation of:

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The paradox of the plankton is an apparent violation of the competitive exclusion principle, which states that two species competing for the same resource cannot coexist indefinitely. However, several species of algae thrive in homogeneous open-water systems, sharing the same few mineral nutrient resources.

In His 1961 Paper, "The Paradox of the Plankton," Ecologist