The process by which allele frequencies are altered in a population due to chance is called:

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Genetic drift is the process by which allele frequencies fluctuate randomly in a population due to chance events, such as natural disasters or the founder effect. It is one of the mechanisms of evolution, along with natural selection, mutation, and gene flow. Genetic drift can have significant effects on small populations, leading to the fixation or loss of alleles over time.

The Process by Which Allele Frequencies Are Altered in a Population