In general, each species of fruit fly in the Hawaiian archipelago is restricted to a single island. One hypothesis to explain this pattern is that new species formed after a small number of flies colonized each new island. This mechanism is called:

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The pattern of each fruit fly species being restricted to a single island in the Hawaiian archipelago suggests that new species formed through the process of colonization of each new island by a small number of flies, which is an example of the founder effect.

In General, Each Species of Fruit Fly in the Hawaiian