For the following question(s): A research article included the following table:
Mean Score on Four Questionnaire Scales Before and After the Experimental Manipulation
Questionnaire Before After Change
Dominance 18.42 16.31 -2.11
Independence 17.25 21.38 4.13**
Conformity 18.97 17.20-1.77*
Nurturance 16.11 13.89 -2.22*
______________________
*p

Question

For the following question(s): A research article included the following table:
Mean Score on Four Questionnaire Scales Before and After the Experimental Manipulation
Questionnaire Before After Change
Dominance 18.42 16.31 -2.11
Independence 17.25 21.38 4.13**
Conformity 18.97 17.20-1.77*
Nurturance 16.11 13.89 -2.22*
______________________
*p < .05; **p < .01
-Which of the following is most likely to be true given the information on this table?
A)The hypothesis testing probably used one-tailed tests.
B)The various scales all probably had just about the same population variances.
C)The t scores are all larger than the raw change scores.
D)The hypothesis testing probably used a t test for dependent means.

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

The table shows mean scores before and after an experimental manipulation, indicating a within-subjects design. The use of mean scores and the indication of significance levels (p-values) suggest that the hypothesis testing was done using a t-test for dependent means. Choice A cannot be determined from the table alone. Choice B cannot be assumed without additional information or tests. Choice C is incorrect because t scores are calculated using standard deviations, not raw change scores.

For the Following Question(s): a Research Article Included the Following