When Parker is under stress, he tends to either get very confrontational and argumentative, or back away and totally withdraw from the stressful situation. Parker is exhibiting a __________ response to stress.

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Parker's response to stress is either to engage in confrontational behavior or to withdraw completely, which are both examples of the fight-or-flight response. Option A, learned helplessness, involves a feeling of powerlessness and resignation rather than active behavioral responses. Option C, denial, would involve rejecting or minimizing the presence of stressors, rather than engaging with them in a confrontational or withdrawing manner. Option D, tend-and-befriend, involves seeking social support during times of stress, which is not exhibited by Parker's behavior.

When Parker Is Under Stress, He Tends to Either Get