Research on the Effects of Violent Media, Including Video Games

Research on the effects of violent media, including video games, on aggression demonstrates that the effects of such games on aggression are __________.

A) much less than the comparable effects of aggressive television, since the game itself gives children an outlet
B) significant, but only for those children who were shown to be more prone to violence beforehand
C) significant, but the effects are due to the correlation of aggression with income
D) significant, and a causal as well as a longitudinal relationship has been demonstrated