Dominance hierarchies occur among females when
A) females are unrelated.
B) groups are small.
C) food is particularly abundant.
D) food is clumped and defensible.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Dominance hierarchies among females typically occur when food resources are clumped and defensible, meaning that resources are concentrated in specific areas and can be defended by individual females. This allows dominant females to control access to resources and maintain their rank in the hierarchy. Factors such as unrelatedness and group size may also play a role, but they are not as influential as the distribution and defendability of food resources.

Dominance Hierarchies Occur Among Females When