Of the following conditioning procedures, the one that is least like the others is ________.
A) trace
B) delayed
C) simultaneous
D) backward

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Trace, delayed, and simultaneous conditioning are all forms of classical conditioning where a conditioned stimulus (CS) is paired with an unconditioned stimulus (US) either before, at the same time, or shortly after the CS is presented, respectively. Backward conditioning, on the other hand, involves presenting the US first and then presenting the CS after the US has ended, which is an ineffective form of conditioning. Therefore, D is the least like the others.

Of the Following Conditioning Procedures, the One That Is Least