A source of causal invalidity that occurs when subjects who are chosen for a study because of their extreme scores on the dependent variable become less extreme due to natural cyclical or episodic change in the variable is known as

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The regression effect, also known as regression to the mean, refers to the statistical phenomenon where if a variable is extreme on its first measurement, it will tend to be closer to the average on its second measurement, and if it is extreme on its second measurement, it will tend to have been closer to the average on its first. This can cause causal invalidity in studies if not properly accounted for, especially in studies selecting subjects based on extreme scores.

A Source of Causal Invalidity That Occurs When Subjects Who