When a researcher is not able to randomly assign participants to experimental and control conditions, they may use an

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If random assignment is not possible, the best alternative is to use a nonequivalent control group design. In this design, participants are not randomly assigned but instead are placed in either an experimental or control condition based on pre-existing characteristics. This design can help control for extraneous variables that may impact the results but cannot completely eliminate the possibility of alternative explanations for the findings. Options B, C, and D are not applicable to this scenario.

When a Researcher Is Not Able to Randomly Assign Participants