In all defamation of character cases,the plaintiff must prove that the defendant knew that the statement was false.

Question

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In some defamation cases, known as defamation per se, the statement is considered so damaging that it is presumed to have been made with actual malice. In these cases, the plaintiff does not have to prove that the defendant knew the statement was false. Additionally, in cases where the plaintiff is a public figure, they must prove that not only did the defendant make a false statement, but that the defendant made the statement with actual malice, meaning they knew the statement was false or made it with reckless disregard for the truth.

In All Defamation of Character Cases,the Plaintiff Must Prove That