Which of the Following Must Be Established to Prove Injury

Which of the following must be established to prove injury causation during a breach of duty to obtain informed consent from a patient?

A) That the patient suffered an adverse consequence
B) That the patient suffered an adverse consequence and that the cause of the injury be an undisclosed risk
C) That the patient did not consent to treatment
D) That the patient would not have consented to treatment had the disclosure been adequate