Under the Doctrine of Dual Federalism, What Is the Relationship

Under the doctrine of dual federalism, what is the relationship between the national and state governments?

A) Each has distinct areas of authority with very little overlap.
B) Each has distinct authority, but they cooperate with one another in most areas.
C) The only way in which the national government influences the states is by providing them with funds.
D) Federal mandates matter only when state officials agree with them.