Between 610 and 1071,the major security threats to the Byzantine Empire came from:

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The major security threats to the Byzantine Empire between 610 and 1071 came from Persia followed by the Islamic caliphate. The Byzantine-Persian Wars lasted for centuries and seriously weakened both empires. The rise of Islam in the 7th century sparked the Arab-Byzantine Wars, in which the Islamic caliphate sought to expand its territory and influence at the expense of the Byzantine Empire. The Seljuk Turks did not become a major threat until after the Battle of Manzikert in 1071. The Slavs were a threat in earlier centuries but were largely assimilated into the Byzantine Empire by the 10th century. The western Roman Empire had ceased to exist by 476, well before the period in question.

Between 610 and 1071,the Major Security Threats to the Byzantine