Scandinavian Traders Turned to Raiding Because

Scandinavian traders turned to raiding because:

A) it was more profitable.
B) instability in the Carolingian empire had made travel on their traditional trade routes difficult.
C) instability in the Abbasid Empire meant that potential targets for raids could no longer be adequately defended.
D) the market in luxury goods in northern Europe collapsed.
E) Muslim traders now controlled all possible trade routes between Europe and the Middle East.