Rapid urbanization in Europe during the eleventh and twelfth centuries was fostered by:

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Rapid urbanization in Europe during the eleventh and twelfth centuries was mainly fostered by lords and monasteries, who provided protection, economic opportunities, and markets for the growing populations in urban areas. The nobility and the Church also played a role, but lords and monasteries were the primary drivers of urbanization during this time period. Kings and bishops also played a role, but to a lesser extent.

Rapid Urbanization in Europe During the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries