Question 1

Following the occupation of Rome in 1870,an attempt was made to solve the problems of relations between the new Italian state and the:

Accepted Answer

The question is referring to the events following the unification of Italy, which resulted in the occupation of Rome in 1870. At that time, the Papacy still held significant political power and controlled a large portion of central Italy, including Rome. Therefore, the attempt to solve the problems of relations between the new Italian state and the Papacy would have been a significant issue to address. The other options listed were also important issues facing the new Italian state, but they were not directly related to the question of relations with the Papacy.

Question 2

Italian unification was achieved both on the battlefield and through diplomacy; the diplomatic fight was led by:

Accepted Answer

Count Camillo di Cavour was the leading figure in the diplomatic effort towards Italian unification. He served as prime minister of the Kingdom of Sardinia and used his diplomatic skills to gain the support of other European powers and facilitate alliances and agreements with other Italian states.

Question 3

The first emperor of a united Germany was:

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm I was the first emperor of a united Germany, reigning from 1871 until his death in 1888.

Question 4

One result of the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 was the:

Accepted Answer

One result of the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 was the uniting of Venetia with the rest of Italy. This was due to the fact that Prussia's victory in the war weakened Austria's influence in Italy, allowing for the unification of the Italian states under the leadership of Victor Emmanuel II.

Question 5

One result of the Seven Weeks' War in 1866 was that:

Accepted Answer

The Seven Weeks' War resulted in Austria being forced to give up all claims to Schleswig and Holstein. This paved the way for the eventual unification of Germany under Prussian leadership. The weakness of the Prussian military was not revealed, but instead their strength was demonstrated. The power of the German Confederation was not enlarged, as the war was fought between Prussia and Austria, two of its most powerful members. The Ottomans and Danes were not involved in the conflict.

Question 6

Bismarck's quest for a united Germany required that he:

Accepted Answer

Bismarck believed in using war as a means of achieving limited ends, and sought to create a united Germany by first consolidating power within Prussia and then using military force against other German states and European powers such as Austria and France. This approach eventually led to the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71, which resulted in the establishment of the German Empire under Bismarck's leadership.

Question 7

Bismarck's policies can best be understood as:

Accepted Answer

Bismarck's policies were primarily focused on strengthening and expanding the power and influence of Prussia, often at the expense of other European nations. He was known for his realpolitik approach, which prioritized practical considerations and the pursuit of power over idealistic or moral concerns. Bismarck's actions ultimately led to the unification of Germany and the solidification of Prussia's dominance in the region.

Question 8

The decree emancipating 22 million Russian serfs in 1861:

Accepted Answer

Although the decree emancipated the serfs, it did not give them land or truly free them from their former masters. They were still required to pay a form of redemption payments for years and work for their landlords for a certain amount of time each year. This limited their economic independence and kept them tied to their former masters.

Question 9

The Franco-Prussian War was waged:

Accepted Answer

The Franco-Prussian War was the final stage in German unification, as it enabled the southern German states to join the North German Confederation and helped Bismarck to create the German Empire under Prussian leadership. The war was sparked by a dispute over the succession to the Spanish throne, which Bismarck used as a pretext to provoke France into declaring war on Prussia. The Prussian army's decisive victory over France in 1871 paved the way for the proclamation of the German Empire and marked the culmination of Bismarck's strategy of using diplomacy and military force to achieve German unification.

Question 10

Who led the "Thousand" that set out to liberate Sicily from Bourbon rule in 1860?

Accepted Answer

Giuseppe Garibaldi led the "Thousand," a group of volunteer soldiers, in an expedition to liberate Sicily from Bourbon rule in 1860.

Question 11

In the aftermath of the 1848 revolution,Frederick William of Prussia rejected a new constitution.Two years later he accepted a constitution that allowed for the election of a Parliament with voting based on:

Accepted Answer

The new constitution allowed for the election of a Parliament with universal male suffrage, but votes were weighed based on taxes paid. This compromise satisfied both the desire for democracy and the desire to maintain some level of aristocratic influence.

Question 12

The term Realpolitik was closely associated with:

Accepted Answer

Realpolitik is a term that refers to a political approach that prioritizes practical considerations rather than ideological or moral principles. The term was closely associated with Otto von Bismarck, the Chancellor of Germany, who was known for his pragmatic and realistic style of governance. Bismarck's use of Realpolitik helped him achieve the unification of Germany and become a major force in European politics.

Question 13

In his book The Subjection of Women,John Stuart Mill advocated the:

Accepted Answer

In The Subjection of Women, John Stuart Mill advocated for the right of women to vote and argued against the belief that women are naturally inferior to men. He believed that both men and women should have equal opportunities and that society should not limit women's potential based on their gender.

Question 14

The British leader who urged increasing the franchise in the hope it would result in more conservative votes was:

Accepted Answer

Benjamin Disraeli, who was a Conservative politician, urged for the increase of the franchise in order to win support from the working-class and newly enfranchised voters.

Question 15

In 1859,the classic defense of liberty,On Liberty,was written by:

Accepted Answer

On Liberty was written by John Stuart Mill.

Question 16

In 1867,the conservative government of Great Britain passed the Great Reform Bill which:

Accepted Answer

The Great Reform Bill of 1867 extended the vote to all male adult householders, as well as to male householders who paid rent of £10 or more per year. This effectively doubled the franchise and included many working-class men. Skilled workers were not explicitly mentioned in the bill, but many of them would have met the property qualifications.

Question 17

The incident that began the Franco-Prussian War was:

Accepted Answer

The incident that began the Franco-Prussian War was indeed an international misunderstanding created by Otto von Bismarck, known as the Ems Dispatch. Bismarck manipulated a telegram from the Prussian King to make it appear as though the King had insulted the French ambassador, inciting public outrage in France and leading to the declaration of war.

Question 18

In the nineteenth century,both the United States and Russia shared a similar problem in building their respective nations,which was:

Accepted Answer

Both the United States and Russia had to address the issue of labor systems that depended on the exploitation of human beings. In the US, the issue was slavery, while in Russia, it was serfdom. Both systems were abolished in the mid-nineteenth century, and this helped these countries to create a more unified and productive workforce.

Question 19

Beginning in the mid-1850s under Napoleon III,much of Paris was rebuilt with both social and political concerns in mind.This reconstruction was directed by:

Accepted Answer

Much of Paris was rebuilt under Napoleon III by Baron Haussmann, who directed the reconstruction with both social and political concerns in mind.

Question 20

Bismarck was appointed to the post of minister-president of Prussia in 1862 because:

Accepted Answer

Kaiser Wilhelm I needed Bismarck to control the liberal Parliament, which was challenging his authority and obstructing the military reforms he desired. Bismarck was appointed as a strong, authoritarian leader who was willing to use whatever means necessary to achieve German unification and increase Prussian power.

Quiz 21: Revolutions and Nation Building 1848-1871