Twenty-Two-Year-Old Jack Does Not Study Much for His Sociology Midterm

Twenty-two-year-old Jack does not study much for his sociology midterm and writes a mediocre term paper. However, he is infuriated to discover that he is going into his final exam with a grade of C. Which of the following most likely accounts for his anger at his grade?

A) grade inflation throughout his schooling to this point
B) a belief that the professors at his university mark students unfairly
C) a policy of "bell curving" grades so that his grade reflects other students' bad marks
D) the knowledge that professors give high grades for irrelevant knowledge and fail to recognize adeptness at mastery of things like social media skills