In the middle of the 1800s, Willie was forced to close his blacksmith shop and get work in the new textile mill. According to the stages of labour market development model, which stage does Willie's situation characterize?

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Willie's situation characterizes the stage of initial proletarianization, which refers to the process where individuals who were previously self-employed or working in small-scale, traditional industries (like blacksmithing) are drawn into the workforce of larger, more modern industrial enterprises (like textile mills). This shift often involves a loss of autonomy and the beginning of working under wage labor conditions.

In the Middle of the 1800s, Willie Was Forced to Close