Question 1

The hopes raised by the changes in Eastern Europe in the late 1980s were,by 1989:

Accepted Answer

While the changes in Eastern Europe in the late 1980s brought new hopes for democratic and economic reforms, by 1989 it became clear that the process was taking longer and would be harder than originally thought. The transition from communism to democracy proved to be a complex and challenging process, with many setbacks and difficulties. While progress was made in some countries, such as Poland and Hungary, others, like Romania and Bulgaria, faced more obstacles and setbacks. Overall, the hopes raised by the changes in Eastern Europe were tempered by a growing realization that democratization and economic reform would require sustained effort and commitment.

Question 2

Resentment by West Germans toward East Germans continued into the 1990s after the Berlin Wall came down because of a "wall in the mind," as it was called by:

Accepted Answer

Günter Grass is a German writer and intellectual who famously used the term "wall in the mind" to describe the ongoing division between East and West Germans even after reunification. This concept has been widely discussed in Germany and elsewhere as a way to understand the persistence of social and cultural barriers between the two former halves of the country.

Question 3

In the years following the collapse of the Soviet Bloc,the most violent ethnic conflict occurred in:

Accepted Answer

The most violent ethnic conflict that occurred in the years following the collapse of the Soviet Bloc was in Yugoslavia. The breakup of Yugoslavia in the 1990s was marked by violent clashes between different ethnic and religious groups, resulting in the deaths of hundreds of thousands of people and the displacement of millions more. The conflict involved Serbian forces, Croatian forces, Bosniak forces, and other groups, and it was characterized by atrocities such as ethnic cleansing and genocide.

Question 4

Race music was the term given to the special efforts,especially within the factories,to blend the increasingly hostile ethnic groups of the Soviet Union together.

Accepted Answer

It was the first description of a genre of music that would become rock and roll.

Question 5

Popular dissatisfaction with government organization of mass consumption contributed to the downfall of communist regimes.

Accepted Answer

Popular dissatisfaction with government organization of mass consumption, particularly related to shortages, rationing, and low quality of goods, was a major factor in the discontent with communist regimes in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union. Growing discontent with the inability of these governments to provide basic consumer goods and improve living standards was one of the factors that led to popular uprisings and ultimately to the collapse of communist governments in the late 1980s and early 1990s.

Question 6

Of all the consumer goods available to the public postwar,hygiene products represented the largest increase of demand.

Accepted Answer

Hygiene products such as toothpaste, deodorant, and soap saw a significant increase in demand after World War II, driven by a combination of marketing campaigns and growing awareness of personal hygiene.

Question 7

To what does the term safe areas refer?

Accepted Answer

Safe areas refers to areas in Bosnia designated by the United Nations as free of violence for ethnic refugees during the civil war there. These areas were meant to be protected by the UN peacekeeping forces, but some of them were later targeted and attacked by Bosnian Serb forces, leading to large-scale massacres.

Question 8

Film in the changing mass culture put the emphasis on the actor,not the writer,and elevated many to superstardom.

Accepted Answer

It elevated the director above the playwright or actors.

Question 9

Some of the innovation in film in this period involved the use of color and widescreen technology.

Accepted Answer

Hollywood was making more than 500 films a year and dominated the market.These innovations only enhanced their technological and economic virtual monopoly of the market.

Question 10

The last general secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was:

Accepted Answer

Mikhail Gorbachev was the last general secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, serving from 1985 until the party's dissolution in 1991. He is widely known for his policy of Glasnost (openness) and Perestroika (restructuring) which ultimately led to the end of the Soviet Union.

Question 11

The "British invasion" was a group of successful British rock and roll bands that blended the American sounds of the new music of the 1960s with the inflections of their own poverty and defiance and added touches of music-hall showmanship.

Accepted Answer

The Beatles are an excellent example of this.

Question 12

To what does the term velvet divorce refer?

Accepted Answer

The term "velvet divorce" refers to the peaceful separation of Czechoslovakia into the separate nations of the Czech Republic and Slovakia in 1993. The term "velvet" is used to describe the non-violent nature of the separation, which was achieved through negotiations rather than military conflict.

Question 13

Not having changed during much of the first half of the 20th century,agricultural productivity in Europe in general during the second half took off producing abundance and the foundation of economic growth and prosperity.

Accepted Answer

Most of this growth was in the period after World War II.

Question 14

Much of Eastern Europe in the late 1980s and 1990s made the transformation from communism to democracy peacefully; there were some exceptions,most notably in Yugoslavia under the rule of:

Accepted Answer

Yugoslavia was the exception to the peaceful transition from communism to democracy in Eastern Europe in the late 1980s and 1990s. Slobodan Milosevic was the leader of Yugoslavia during the period of violent conflict, ethnic cleansing, and war in the 1990s.

Question 15

In the changing atmosphere of the world after the Second World War,education alone automatically produced social mobility.

Accepted Answer

It required economic prosperity,new structures of labor,and a consumerist boom to lay a foundation for new societal changes and social mobility.

Question 16

Though harshly repressed in Russia,rock and roll made its way into the Soviet Union; pirated records were copied onto X-ray plates salvaged from hospitals.

Accepted Answer

Even the Soviets could not stop this aspect of mass culture.

Question 17

The term ethnic cleansing was coined in reference to:

Accepted Answer

The term ethnic cleansing was first used in reference to the intentional and systematic campaigns of terror conducted by Serbian guerrillas in Bosnia. The goal of these campaigns was to force the flight of much larger populations of Muslims and Croatians.

Question 18

What two visions of ethnically motivated politics came into conflict in Kosovo?

Accepted Answer

The conflict in Kosovo was primarily between Serbs and Albanians, with Serbs promoting the concept of a "greater Serbia" and Albanians promoting the idea of a "greater Albania." This was a clear example of ethnically motivated politics, with both groups seeking greater power and influence for their respective ethnic communities. The other options listed do not accurately reflect the conflict in Kosovo.

Question 19

Which of the following Yugoslav republics first touched off the round of ethnic secessions from that nation in the early 1990s?

Accepted Answer

Slovenia was the first Yugoslav republic to secede from Yugoslavia in 1991, leading the way for other republics to follow suit.

Question 20

By the 1960s,industrial labor meant something far different than it did in the nineteenth century.

Accepted Answer

The nature of industrial labor had changed significantly by the 1960s due to advancements in technology and shifts in the economy, making it different from what it was in the nineteenth century.

Quiz 28: Red Flags and Velvet Revolutions: The End of the Cold War 1960-1990