According to Dunning's eclectic paradigm, proprietary technology, managerial skills, trademarks or brand names, and economies of scale are examples of ownership-specific advantages.

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Dunning's eclectic paradigm suggests that for a company to engage in foreign direct investment, it must have ownership-specific advantages such as proprietary technology, managerial skills, trademarks or brand names, and economies of scale. These advantages are crucial for a firm to overcome the costs of operating in a foreign market.

According to Dunning's Eclectic Paradigm, Proprietary Technology, Managerial Skills, Trademarks