Bradypnea,a respiratory rate of less than 12 breaths per minute in an adult at rest,commonly occurs with which of the following?

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Bradypnea can be caused by several factors: 1)head injury resulting in increased intracranial pressure in the respiratory center of the brain; 2)medications or chemicals such as narcotics,barbiturates,or alcohol which depress the respiratory center of the brain; and 3)a lower metabolic rate occurring during normal sleep.Hypoxia,inadequate oxygen at the cellular level,and metabolic acidosis are common causes of tachypnea,not bradypnea.The increased respiratory rate is a compensatory mechanism to provide the body with more oxygen and eliminate excess hydrogen ions when the body's metabolism is increased.Stress and anxiety cause the release of catecholamines which can elevate the respiratory rate,causing tachypnea.

Bradypnea,a Respiratory Rate of Less Than 12 Breaths Per Minute