To indirectly estimate the jugular venous pressure (JVP)of a patient positioned supine at a 45° angle,you would measure in centimeters the distance from the

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To estimate the JVP of a patient,place the patient at a 30° to 45° angle.Next,measure the vertical distance in centimeters from the patient's sternal angle to the top of the distended neck vein.A JVP reading less than 4 cm is considered normal.An elevated JVP can be caused by an increased right ventricular pressure,increased blood volume,or an obstruction to the right ventricular flow.

To Indirectly Estimate the Jugular Venous Pressure (JVP)of a Patient