For gravitational lensing of a distant quasar to occur, the galaxy producing the lensing must

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Gravitational lensing occurs when a massive object, such as a galaxy, is almost perfectly aligned with a distant light source (like a quasar) and an observer (on Earth). The massive object's gravity bends the light from the source, focusing it towards the observer, which can result in multiple images of the source, magnification, or ring-like structures. The process does not require the lensing galaxy to be rotating rapidly, contain a supermassive black hole, or be a dwarf galaxy.

For Gravitational Lensing of a Distant Quasar to Occur, the Galaxy