An arching column of gas suspended over a sunspot group is called a

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Prominences are large, bright, gaseous features extending outward from the Sun's surface, often in a loop shape. They are anchored to the Sun's surface in the photosphere and extend outwards into the solar corona. When viewed over the edge of the solar disk, they appear as arching columns of gas, which can be seen during solar eclipses or with specialized instruments.

An Arching Column of Gas Suspended Over a Sunspot Group