The question of whether jurors who identify strongly with a certain defendant and empathize with his or her situation will be less likely to fault or convict them is called the:

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The similarity-leniency hypothesis suggests that jurors who perceive a defendant to be similar to themselves, in terms of demographics, background, or experiences, may be more lenient in their judgment. This is because they empathize more with the defendant, understanding their situation better, and thus might be less likely to find them at fault or convict them.

The Question of Whether Jurors Who Identify Strongly with a Certain