Which Is NOT One of the Research Findings Covered in the Text

Which is NOT one of the research findings covered in the text that addresses the question, "Does prison work?"

A) Gendreau et al. determined that intermediate sanctions with treatment reduced recidivism by almost 10 percent.
B) Bonta et al. indicated recidivism rates for federal releases of 40-44 percent within the first two years.
C) Gendreau et al. found longer or more severe punishment was either related to slight increases in recidivism or no effect.
D) Smith et al.'s meta-analysis found significant reductions in recidivism with shorter prison terms with treatment.