What Was the Primary Cause of the Energy Crisis That

What was the primary cause of the energy crisis that contributed to the troubled American economy in the 1970s?

A) an oil embargo by the Arab members of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) in retaliation for U.S. support of Israel during the Yom Kippur War
B) the Islamic revolution in Iran that disrupted oil shipments in the Persian Gulf
C) the ecological disaster that took place after installation of the Trans-Alaskan Pipeline
D) a series of oil spills on American coastlines