How Did the Birmingham Campaign Change the Nature of Black

How did the Birmingham campaign change the nature of black protest?

A) The unemployed and working poor who joined in the struggle cared less about nonviolence and more about immediate practical gains.
B) Civil rights leaders who had previously held to a philosophy of nonviolence shifted to one of more militant aggression.
C) Black activists no longer welcomed white participation or support.
D) Students, professionals, and members of the religious middle class left the movement.