The demographic dividend for developing countries typically involves all the following EXCEPT

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The demographic dividend refers to the economic growth potential that can result from shifts in a country's age structure, mainly when the share of the working-age population (15 to 64) is larger than the non-working-age share of the population (14 and younger, and 65 and older). This situation occurs as a country moves from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates, resulting in a lower dependency ratio (fewer dependents per working-age person). Improvements in public health, reduced numbers of births, and women entering the workforce contribute to this shift by lowering mortality and fertility rates and increasing labor force participation, respectively. However, children making up a larger portion of the population would increase the dependency ratio, not contribute to the demographic dividend, which benefits from a higher proportion of working-age individuals.

The Demographic Dividend for Developing Countries Typically Involves All the Following