Suppose that Joseph Brown is a U.S. diplomat who works in Country X, and he is trying to assess whether Country X poses a threat to the United States. The diplomat gathers evidence that Country X poses a threat, but he does not try to gather evidence that Country X does not pose a threat. This error is called

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Joseph Brown is demonstrating confirmation bias by only seeking out evidence that supports his pre-existing belief or hypothesis that Country X poses a threat, rather than looking for evidence that could disprove or challenge this belief.

Suppose That Joseph Brown Is a U