All of the Following Statements Concerning Party Machines Are True

All of the following statements concerning party machines are true EXCEPT this one:

A) Their goal was to take advantage of the expansion of voting rights to all white men in the early nineteenth century.
B) Their activities had the consequence of integrating masses of new immigrants into the political process.
C) They were characterized by central control by a party leader or boss.
D) They dominated party primary elections.
E) They were exceptionally strong in urban areas.