Question 1

What is the justification required to make an arrest?

Accepted Answer

Probable cause is the legal standard required to make an arrest, meaning there is a reasonable basis for believing that a crime may have been committed.

Question 2

The Fourth Amendment contains two critical legal concepts: a prohibition against unreasonable searches and seizures,and:

Accepted Answer

The Fourth Amendment requires probable cause for issuing warrants and making arrests, ensuring that searches and seizures are not conducted arbitrarily.

Question 3

Arrest warrants are written orders,based on probable cause and issued by a:

Accepted Answer

Arrest warrants are issued by a judge or magistrate, who determines if there is probable cause for the arrest.

Question 4

A pat-down or minimal search by police to discover weapons with the purpose of protecting the officer or other citizens,and not to find evidence of illegal substances for use in a trial,is referred to as a(n):

Accepted Answer

A frisk is a limited search by police to check for weapons for officer or public safety, not to gather evidence for a trial.

Question 5

The Fourth Amendment protects against:

Accepted Answer

The Fourth Amendment protects against unreasonable search and seizure.

Question 6

What is the scope of the search during a stop?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the scope of the search...

Question 7

According to the textbook,which of the following is NOT one of the exigent circumstances that exempt law enforcement officers from having to "knock and announce" their identity before entering a dwelling of an arrest warrant?

Accepted Answer

The exigent circumstances that exempt officers from the "knock and announce" requirement typically involve immediate threats or risks, such as ongoing felonies, destruction of evidence, or threats posed by armed suspects. The absence of occupants does not create an exigent circumstance.

Question 8

Which case law established "stop and frisk?"

Accepted Answer

The case law that established "stop and frisk" is Terry v. Ohio. In this case, the Supreme Court ruled that police officers may stop and frisk individuals they suspect of criminal activity if they have reasonable suspicion that the person is involved in criminal activity and poses a threat to the officers or others. This ruling established the legal basis for stop and frisk as a means of protecting law enforcement officers and promoting public safety.

Question 9

The purpose of a "frisk" is to discover _____________________.

Accepted Answer

A "frisk" is a pat-down search conducted by police to discover weapons for officer safety, not to find evidence, identify the suspect, or locate narcotics.

Question 10

A(n)____ is the taking into custody of a citizen for the purpose of detaining him or her on a criminal charge.

Accepted Answer

An arrest is the act of taking a person into custody, typically because they are suspected of committing a crime, with the intention of detaining them for legal proceedings.

Question 11

Reasonable grounds to believe the existence of facts warranting certain actions,such as the search or arrest of a person is:

Accepted Answer

Probable cause is the reasonable belief that a crime has been committed and that the person to be searched or arrested is connected to the crime.

Question 12

The ____ prohibits the use of illegally seized evidence.

Accepted Answer

The exclusionary rule prohibits the use of evidence obtained in violation of a defendant's constitutional rights, specifically through illegal searches and seizures.

Question 13

The "good faith" exception to the exclusionary rule was established by case law in:

Accepted Answer

The "good faith" exception to the exclusionary rule was established by the Supreme Court in United States v. Leon (1984), which held that evidence obtained by law enforcement officers in objectively reasonable reliance on a search warrant that is subsequently found to be deficient need not be excluded from trial. The Court reasoned that excluding such evidence would not deter police misconduct or preserve judicial integrity, as the officers' reliance on the warrant was objectively reasonable. The good faith exception has since been expanded to include reliance on other types of legal authority, such as statutes and court decisions.

Question 14

A(n)____ is a situation that requires extralegal or exceptional actions by the police.In these circumstances,police officers are justified in not following procedural rules,such as those pertaining to search and arrest warrants.

Accepted Answer

Exigent circumstances refer to situations where law enforcement officers are permitted to act without a warrant due to an urgent need, such as preventing harm, destruction of evidence, or a suspect's escape.

Question 15

When police are conducting a search or seizure,they must be ____.

Accepted Answer

Police must be reasonable when conducting a search or seizure, as required by the Fourth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, which protects against unreasonable searches and seizures.

Question 16

Generally speaking,which of the four sources of probable cause mentioned in the text is not strong enough to stand alone?

Accepted Answer

Association alone is often not strong enough to establish probable cause, as it may not directly link a person to a crime without additional supporting evidence or information.

Question 17

A(n)____ is the process by which police examine a person or property to find evidence that will be used to prove guilt in a criminal trial.

Accepted Answer

A search is the process by which police examine a person or property to find evidence that will be used to prove guilt in a criminal trial.

Question 18

A (n)____ is a brief detention of a person by law enforcement agents for questioning.

Accepted Answer

A "stop" is a brief detention of a person by law enforcement for questioning, typically based on reasonable suspicion.

Question 19

Any physical or verbal evidence police are able to acquire by using illegally obtained evidence is known as:

Accepted Answer

The term "fruit of the poisoned tree" refers to evidence that is obtained illegally and, therefore, any evidence derived from it is also considered tainted and inadmissible in court.

Question 20

To determine whether a stop is based on reasonable suspicion,the court uses a ________________ test.

Accepted Answer

The court uses the "totality of the circumstances" test to determine if there is reasonable suspicion for a stop, considering all factors and context.

Quiz 6: Police and the Constitution