Punishment is most likely to produce a long-lasting suppression of a behavior if

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Punishment is most effective when there is an alternative behavior available that can produce the reinforcement that the punished behavior was previously producing. This is known as the "response substitution" principle. Therefore, if an alternative response is available, the individual is more likely to switch to the alternative behavior and the punished behavior will be suppressed for a longer period of time.

Punishment Is Most Likely to Produce a Long-Lasting Suppression of a Behavior