Researchers measure changes in the startle reflex as an operational definition of

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Changes in the startle reflex are often used as an operational definition of anxiety. When individuals are anxious, they tend to have an exaggerated startle reflex, meaning they are more easily and strongly startled by a sudden noise or other unexpected stimulus. By measuring these changes in the startle reflex, researchers can objectively quantify levels of anxiety in study participants. The other options (happiness, shyness, and embarrassment) do not typically involve changes in the startle reflex as a defining characteristic.

Researchers Measure Changes in the Startle Reflex as an Operational