The low surface energy of the titanium abutment and its attraction of proteins with low surface affinity account for supragingival calculus.Metabolic end products from oral spirochetes may cause cytotoxicity to gingival tissues by producing and releasing proteolytic enzymes and trypsin-like enzymes.

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Both statements are true. The low surface energy of titanium abutments does indeed contribute to the attraction of proteins with low surface affinity, which can lead to supragingival calculus formation. Additionally, oral spirochetes are known to produce metabolic end products that can cause cytotoxicity to gingival tissues through the production and release of proteolytic and trypsin-like enzymes.

The Low Surface Energy of the Titanium Abutment and Its