Which of the following was used in southern states during the Jim Crow era to deny African Americans their voting rights?

Question

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All of these methods were used in southern states during the Jim Crow era to disenfranchise African American voters. White primaries excluded black voters from primary elections, literacy tests were used to disqualify those who could not pass them, poll taxes required payment to vote, and grandfather clauses allowed only those whose ancestors had voted before the Civil War to bypass these restrictions.

Which of the Following Was Used in Southern States During