As a child, Eva had a nightmare about clowns and she now feels fearful upon seeing clowns as an adult. One explanation for her fear is that:

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

In classical conditioning, a conditioned stimulus (CS) is an initially neutral stimulus that, after being associated with an unconditioned stimulus (US), comes to trigger a conditioned response (CR). In Eva's case, clowns (CS) became associated with fear (CR) due to the nightmare (US) she had as a child. Thus, seeing clowns now triggers fear in her, making D the correct answer.

As a Child, Eva Had a Nightmare About Clowns and She