Over the Past Few Decades, Numerous Major Drug Traffickers Who

Over the past few decades, numerous major drug traffickers who were heads of huge smuggling operations have died, been arrested, imprisoned, or killed. What has happened subsequently?

A) Their trafficking operation was shut down and illicit drugs stopped moving through their former territory.
B) Drug trafficking increased tenfold in their territory since their removal.
C) Virtually no change took place; the drug trade continued unabated because an underling stepped in and resumed the operation.
D) is unknown-and unknowable
E) none of the above