In the Rutherford scattering experiment, an alpha particle is aimed directly at a gold nucleus.The distance of closest approach of the alpha particle to the nucleus occurs when:
A)the alpha particle hits the nucleus
B)the alpha particle hits the electron cloud
C)the kinetic energy of the alpha particle is completely transformed to potential energy due to the nuclear force
D)the kinetic energy of the alpha particle is completely transformed to potential energy due to the electric field of the nucleus
E)the kinetic energy of the alpha particle is completely transformed to potential energy due to the electric field of the electrons

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

The distance of closest approach occurs when the kinetic energy of the alpha particle is completely transformed into potential energy due to the electric field of the positively charged nucleus, as the nuclear force does not play a significant role at this distance.

In the Rutherford Scattering Experiment, an Alpha Particle Is Aimed